Corrosion Resistance of 441 Stainless Steel

Good corrosion resistance in mild environments, better than 409 and 430.

Heat Resistance of 441 Stainless Steel

Good oxidation resistance up to 900°C.

Machinability of 441 Stainless Steel

Similar to 430 stainless steel. Moderate machinability.

Welding of 441 Stainless Steel

Good weldability with all common methods. Post-weld heat treatment is not required.

Hot Working of 441 Stainless Steel

Heat to 1500°F – 1900°F (816°C – 1038°C). Do not work below 1500°F.

Annealing of 441 Stainless Steel

Anneal at 815°C – 845°C followed by air cooling.

Cold Working of 441 Stainless Steel

Better formability than 430, comparable to 304.

Hardening of 441 Stainless Steel

Cannot be hardened by heat treatment, only by cold working.

Application of 441 Stainless Steel

Automotive exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and kitchen utensils.

• Composition:

SS 441: Ferritic stainless steel with approximately 18% chromium, low carbon, and added titanium for stabilization.

SS 304: Austenitic stainless steel with about 18% chromium and 8% nickel.

• Microstructure:

SS 441: Ferritic structure (magnetic).

SS 304: Austenitic structure (non-magnetic).

• Corrosion Resistance:

SS 441: Good corrosion resistance, especially in environments containing chlorides and organic acids.

SS 304: Excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of environments, including those containing acidic and chloride solutions.

• Mechanical Properties:

SS 441: Lower strength and ductility compared to 304, but good resistance to stress corrosion cracking.

SS 304: Higher strength and ductility; more formable and weldable.

• Applications:

SS 441: Used in automotive exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and cooking utensils.

SS 304: Widely used in kitchen equipment, chemical processing equipment, and architectural applications.

• Heat Resistance:

SS 304: Maintains strength at higher temperatures and has better heat resistance.

SS 441: Suitable for moderate temperatures but generally not as heat-resistant as 304.

• Corrosion Resistance:

SS 304: Better overall corrosion resistance, particularly in acidic and chloride environments.

SS 441: Good corrosion resistance but may be more prone to corrosion in certain environments compared to 304.

• Durability:

SS 304: More durable due to higher strength and ductility.

SS 441: Adequate durability for many exhaust applications, often preferred for its cost-effectiveness.

• Composition:

SS 441: Contains approximately 18% chromium, with added titanium for stabilization.

SS 316: Contains about 16% chromium, 10% nickel, and 2% molybdenum.

• Corrosion Resistance:

SS 441: Good corrosion resistance, especially in environments containing chlorides and organic acids.

SS 316: Superior corrosion resistance, especially against chlorides and marine environments due to the presence of molybdenum.

• Applications:

SS 441: Used in automotive exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and cooking utensils.

SS 316: Used in marine applications, chemical processing, and medical devices.

• Cost:

SS 441: Generally more cost-effective.

SS 316: More expensive due to higher alloy content.

• Composition:

SS 441: Contains approximately 18% chromium, with added titanium for stabilization.

SS 409: Contains about 11% chromium, with added titanium for stabilization.

• Corrosion Resistance:

SS 441: Better corrosion resistance due to higher chromium content.

SS 409: Lower corrosion resistance compared to 441, suitable for mild environments.

• Applications:

SS 441: Used in more demanding automotive exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and cooking utensils.

SS 409: Commonly used in automotive exhaust systems where cost and moderate corrosion resistance are important.

• Mechanical Properties:

SS 441: Better formability and higher temperature resistance.

SS 409: Adequate for many exhaust applications but less formable and heat-resistant compared to 441.